答:由国际计量大会(CGPM)采纳和推荐的一种一贯单位制。国际单位制(SI)结构如下:Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
国际单位制(SI) SI基本单位(见表1)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
SI导出单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
包括SI辅助单位在内的具有专门名称的IS导出单位(见表2)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
组合形式的SI导出单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
SI单位的倍数和分数单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
表l SI基本单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
量的名称Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 单位名称 Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 单位符号Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
长度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦质量Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦时间Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦电流Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦热力学温度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦物质的量Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦发光强度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 米Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦千克(公斤)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦秒Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦安[培]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦开[尔]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦摩[尔]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦坎[德拉]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | mÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦kgÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦AÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦KÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦molÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦cdÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
说明:Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
*圆括号中的名称,是它前面的名称的同义词.下同。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦*无方括号的量的名称与单位名称均为全称。方括号中的字.在不致引起混淆、误解的情况下,可以省略。去掉方括号中的字即为其名称的简称。下同。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦*本标准所称的符号,除特殊指明外,均指我国法定计量单位中所规定的符号以及国际符号,下同。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
*人民生活和贸易中,质量习惯称为重量。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
1)SI基本单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
SI基本单位定义如下:Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
米——等于光在真空中于(1/299 792 458)秒时间间隔内所经路径的长度。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
千克——等于国际千克原器的质量。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
秒—一等于与CS-133原子基态的两个超精细能级间跃迁相对应的辐射的9192631Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
770个周期所持续的时间。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
安——等于在真空中,截面积可忽略的两根相距l米的无限长平行直导线内通以等量恒定电流时,若导线间相互作用力在每米长度上为2 x lO-7牛顿时的导线中的电流。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
开——等于水的三相点热力学温度的(1/273.16)。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
摩——等于一系统的物质的量,该系统中所包含的基本单元数与O.012千克坨C的原子数目相等。(使用摩尔时,基本单元应指明,可以是原子、分子、离子、电子及其他粒子,或是这些粒子的特定组合。)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
坎——等于一光源的发光强度,该光源发出频率为540×lO12赫兹单色辐射,且在此方向上的辐射强度为(1/683)瓦特每球面度。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦2)SI导出单位 Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
SI导出单位是按一贯性原则,通过比例因数为l的量的定义方程式由SI基本单位导出,并由SI基本单位以代数形式表示的单位,它们是由两个以上基本单位幂的乘积来表示。为了读写和实际应用的方便,以及便于区分某些具有相同量纲和表达式的单位,在历史上出现了一些具有专门名称的导出单位。但这样单位不宜过多,SI仅选用包括辅助单位在内的具有专门名称的导出单位一共有21个,详见表2。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦表2 包括SI辅助单位在内的具有专门名称的SI导出单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦量的名称Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | SI导出单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 名称Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 符号Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 用SI基本单位和SI导出单位表示Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
[平面]角Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 弧度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | radÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 rad=1 m/m=1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
立体角Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 球面度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | SrÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 sr=1 m2/m2=1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
频率Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 赫[兹]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | HzÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1=Hz=1 s-1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
力Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 牛[顿]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | NÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 N=1kg·m/s2Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
压力、压强,应力Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 帕[斯卡]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | PaÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 Pa=1 N/m2Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
能[量],功,热量Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 焦[耳]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | JÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1J=1 N·mÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
功率,辐[射能]通量Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 瓦[特]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | WÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1W=1J/sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
电荷[量]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 库[仑]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | CÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1C-1A·sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
电压,电动势,电位(电势)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 伏[特]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | VÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1V=1W/AÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
电容Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 法[拉]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | FÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1F= 1C/VÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
电阻Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 欧[姆]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | ΩÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1Ω=1V/AÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
电导Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 西[门子]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | SÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1S=1Ω-1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
磁通[量]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 韦[伯]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | WbÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 Wb=1V·sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
磁通[量]密度,磁感应强度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 特[斯拉]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | TÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1T=1Wb/m2Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
电感Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 亨[利]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | HÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1H=1Wb/AÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
摄氏温度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 摄氏度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | ℃Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1℃=1KÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
光通量Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 流[明]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1mÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 1m=1 cd·srÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
[光]照度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 勒[克斯]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1xÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 1x=1 1m/m2Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
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用SI基本单位和具有专门名称的SI-导出单位或(和)SI辅助单位以代数形式表示的单位称为组合形式的SI导出单位。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
3)SI倍数和分数单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
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在国际单位制中,SI基本单位,具有专门名称导出单位,以及直接由它们构成的组合形式的导出单位,都称为SI单位,是量的主单位。而这些主单位量值的大小,不一定非常适合科学、工程和商贸领域的实际需要。因此,国际单位制规定可在SI单位之前加上SI词头(如表3),构成大小不同的lO进倍数单位和分数单位,如长度单位m的倍数单位有km,Mm,Gm等,分数单位有cm,mmυn等二Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
但在实际应用中,不能把国际单位制单位和SI单位划等号,两者在含义上有区别。国际单位制单位包含了这个单位制中所有单位,但SI单位是国际单位制中的一部分单位,它们都不带SI词头(即系数为l,质量单位kg除外)。带词头后形成的倍数单位和分数单位。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
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Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦(系数不是1)称为SI单位的lO进倍数和分数单位。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
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Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦表3 SI词头Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
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答:由国家法律承认、具有法定地位的计量单位。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦1984年2月27日,国务院发布命令,规定我国计量单位一律采用《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》。《计量法》第三条明确规定:“国际单位制单位和我国选定的其他计量单位,为国家法定计量单位。国家法定计量单位的名称、符号由国务院公布”。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
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我国法定计量单位是建立在国际单位制基础上的计量制度。国际单位制是我国法定计量单位的主体,所有国际单位制的单位都是我国法定计量单位。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
但我国法定计量单位未照搬ISO 1000和CIPM出版的《国际单位制》(第6版,1991年)的关于制外单位内容,而是根据我国实际情况,选择了16个可与国际单位制并用的非SI的单位,作为我国法定计量单位的一部分。详见表4。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦表4可与国际单位制单位并用的我国法定计量单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦量的名称Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 单位名称Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 单位符号Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 与SI单位的关系Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
时间Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 分Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | minÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1min=60sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
[小]时Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | hÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1h=60min=3600sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | |
日,(天)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | dÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1d=24h=86400sÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | |
[平面]角Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | оÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1о=(л/10800)radÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
[角]分Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | ‘Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1“=(1/160)’=(л/1080)radÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | |
[角]秒Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | “Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1“=(1/60)’=(л/648000)radÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | |
体积Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 升Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | L,1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1L=1dm3=10-3m3Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
质量Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 吨原子质量单位Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | TÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦uÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1t=103kgÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦1u=1.660540*10-27kgÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
旋转速度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 转每分Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | r/minÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1r/min=(1/60)s-1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
长度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 海里Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | n mileÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1n mile=1852m(只用于航行)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
速度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 节Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | knÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1kn=1n mile/h=(1852/3600)m/s(只用地航行)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
能Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 电子伏Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | eVÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1eV-1.602177*10-19JÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
级差Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 分贝Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | dBÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
线密度Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 特[克斯]Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | texÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1tex=10-6kg/mÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
面积Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 公顷Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | Hm2Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1 hm2=104m2Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
根据国家规定,非法定计量单位只允许在少数特殊领域使用:如国际新闻、古籍和文学书籍、出口商品、个别科技领域等。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
答:1)法定计量单位名称使用Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦a)法定计量单位的名称,仅用于叙述性文字和口述中,不得用于公式、数据表、图、刻度盘等处。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦b)组合单位的名称与其符号表示的顺序一致,遇到除号时,读为“每”字,例如:J/mol·K或J/(mol·K)的名称应为“焦耳每摩尔开尔文”。书写时亦如此,不能加任何图形和符号,不要与单位的中文符号相混淆。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦c)乘法形式的单位名称,其顺序应是指数名称在前,单位名称在后。相应的指数名称由数字加“次方”二字而成。例:0的名称应为“四次方米"而不是“米四次方”。用长度单位米的二次方或三次方表示面积或体积时,其单位名称应为“平方米"或“立方米”否则仍为“二次方米”或“三次方米”。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
例:℃一称为“每摄氏度”,而一般不称为“负一次方摄氏度”。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
s-1的名称应为“每秒”。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦2)法定计量单位符号使用Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
一般用正体小写字母书写,但是以人名命名的单位符号,第一个字母必须正体大写。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
“升”的符号“l”,可以用大写字母44 L91。单位后不得附加任何标记,也没有复数形式。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦组合单位符合书写方式举例及其说明,见表5所示。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦表5 Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦单位名称Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 符号的正确书写Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 错误或不适当的书写形式Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
牛顿米Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | N·m,INm牛·米 Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | N—m,mN,牛米,牛一米Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
米每秒Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | m/s,m·s-1, 米·秒-1,米/秒Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 秒米,米秒-1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
瓦每开尔文米Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | W(K·m),瓦(开·米)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | W(开·米)Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
每米Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | m-1,米-1Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ | 1/m,1/米Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦ |
说明:a)分子为1的组合单位的符号,一般不用分子式,而用负数幂的形式。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
b)单位符号中,用斜线表示相除时,分子和分母的符号与斜线处于同一行内。分母中包含两个以上的单位符号时,整个分母应加圆括号,斜线不得多于1条。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
c)单位符号与中文符号不得混合使用。但是非物理量单位(如台、件、人等),可用汉字和符号构成组合形式单位;摄氏度的符号℃可作为中文符号的使用,是惟一的例外;如J/℃S可写为焦/℃。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦3)词头使用Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
a)词头的名称紧接单位的名称,作为一个整体使用,其间不得插人其他词。例如:面积单位10的名称和含义是“平方千米”,而不是“千平方米”。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
b)仅通过相乘构成的组合单位在加词头时,词头应加在第一个单位之前。例如:力矩单位kN·m,不宜写成N·hoÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
c)摄氏度和非十进制法定计量单位,不得用SI词头构成倍数和分数单位。他们参与构成组合单位时,不应放在最前面。例如:光量单位lm·h,不应写成h·hn。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
d)组合单位的符号中,某单位符号同时又是词头符号,则应尽量将它置于单位符号的右侧。例如:力矩单位N·m,不宜写成m·N。温度单位K和时间单位s和h在一起时,一般也在右侧oÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
e)词头h,da,d,c(即百、十、分、厘)一般只用于某些长度、面积、体积和早已习惯的场合,例如cm,dB等。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
f)一般不在组合单位的分子分母中同时使用词头。例如:电场强度可用MV/m,不宜用 kv/mmÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
g)选用词头时,一般应使量的数值处于O.1-1000范围内。 Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
h)万和亿可放在单位符号之前作为数值使用,但不是词头oÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
i)计算时,为方便,建议所有量均用SI单位表示,词头用lO的幂代替。这样,所得结果的单位仍为SI单位。Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦148.怎样编制审核检查表?Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦答:为提高审核活动的有效性和效率,审核员应根据分工认真准备现场审核检查表,参考格式和主要内容如下:Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦1)参考格式:见表7审核检查表。 Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦2)主要内容Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
①审核准则要求:如审核所依据的质量手册或程序文件以及法律法规等,一般文字较多时,可填写文件名称和条款号;Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
编号:ZG—ZJ04—2002Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
NO.2002一00lÑ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦受审部门:Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
审核时间:2002年04月01日8:30.12:00Ñ:S*¬GÝsTbbs.3c3t.com¿AõCw t5¦
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