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发表于 2014-09-19 22:10
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某建设项目有A、B两个投资方案,基准收益率ic=10%,其现金流量(投资与效益)见下表å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`现金流量表å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`年å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
末å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 折现系数å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
(P/F,10%,n)å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 方案Aå³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 方案Bå³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 投资与å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
利益å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 净现值å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 累计净现å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` 值å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 投资与利å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` 益å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 净现值å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 累计净现å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` 值å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 1å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.9091å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | -1 200å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| -2 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 2å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.8264å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | -1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| -2 300å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 3å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.7513å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 4å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.6830å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 5å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.6209å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 6å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.5645å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 7å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.5132å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 8å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.4665å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 9å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 0.4241å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | 850å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| 1 500å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` | å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
| å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`参考系数:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[P/A,20%,2]=1.5278å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,25%,2]=1.4400å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,20%,1]=0.8333å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[P/A,30%,2]=1.3609å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,25%,2]=1.2894å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,25%,1]=0.8000å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[P/A,20%,7]=3.6046å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,20%,2]=3.1611å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,10%,7]=4.8683å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[P/A,30%,7]=2.8021å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,20%,2]=2.5075å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[P/A,20%,2]=0.6944å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,20%,2]=0.6400å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[P/A,30%,2]=0.5917å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` [P/A,20%,2]=0.5487å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[问题]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`试分别应用如下两种方法,对A、B两方案进行评价和优选。å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`1、净现值法;2、内部收益率法。å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`[参考答案]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`1、净现值法:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVA=-1200[P/F,10%,1]-1500[P/F,10%,2]+850[P/A,10%,7][P/F,10%,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =-1200×0.9091-1500×0.8264+850×4.8683×0.8264å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =1089.17(万元)å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVB=-2500[P/F,10%,1]-2300[P/F,10%,2]+1500[P/A,10%,7][P/F,10%,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =-2500×0.9091-2300×0.8264+1500×4.8683×0.8264å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =1861.27(万元)å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`两方案的净现值均大于0,作为单方案在经济上都是可行的。å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`但A、B方案相比, NPVB > NPVA,表明B方案的经济效果更好,因此应采用B 方案。å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`2、内部收益率法:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`根据内部收益率的定义,令NPV=0,求IRR。å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`⑴.求A方案的IRR:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVA=-1200[P/F,IRRA,1]-1500[P/F,IRRA,2]+850[P/A,IRRA,7][P/F,IRRA,2] å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`①用试算法计算å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`假设IRRA=20%:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVA=-1200[P/F,20%,1]-1500[P/F,20%,2]+850[P/A,20%,7][P/F,20%,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =86.027(万元)å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`假设IRRA=25%:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVA=-1200[P/F,25%,1]-1500[P/F,25%,2]+850[P/A,25%,7][P/F,25%,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =-200.36(万元)å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`②用插值法求IRRAå³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` IRRA=20%+86.02/(86.02+200.36)×(25%-20%)=21.5%å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`⑵.求B方案的IRR:å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVB=-2500[P/F,IRRB,1]-2300[P/F,IRRB,2]+1500[P/A,IRRB,7][P/F,IRRB,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`①用试算法计算å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`假设IRRB=20%å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVB=-2500[P/F,20%,1]-2300[P/F,20%,2]+1500[P/A,20%,7][P/F,20%,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =74.18(万元)å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`假设IRRB=25%å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`NPVB=-2500[P/F,25%,1]-2300[P/F,25%,2]+1500[P/A,25%,7][P/F,25%,2]å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` =-437.34(万元) å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`②用插值法求IRRBå³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4` IRRB=20%+74.18/(74.18+437.34)×(25%-20%)=20.7%å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`因为A、B两方案内部收益率均大于基准收益率ic=10%,说明两个方案作为单方案在经济上是可行的。但两方案相比IRRA > IRRB ,故采用A方案优。 å³\ê-'Ðbbs.3c3t.comYÚеijC4`
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