FBG光纤光栅解调仪系统在大坝监测中的应用ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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一、引言ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
光纤光栅传感器是用光纤光栅制成的一种新型光纤传感器。光纤光栅是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种新型全光纤无源器件,利用光纤光栅制成多种传感器如温度、应变、应力、加速度、压强等传感器。不同的光纤光栅传感器可具有不同的工作波长,因此可以利用波分复用技术,在一根光纤级联多个光纤光栅传感器作分布式测量。它具有体积小、重量轻、与光纤兼容、插入损耗低、性能长期稳定性好等特点。特别适合在易燃,易爆,和强电磁等恶劣环境下使用。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
二、光纤光栅原理ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
光纤光栅就是一段光纤,其纤芯中具有折射率周期性变化的结构。根据模耦合理论, 满足中心波长就被光纤光栅所反射回去(其中lB为光纤光栅的中心波长,Λ为光栅周期,n为纤芯的有效折射率)ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
反射的中心波长信号lB,跟光栅周期Λ,纤芯的有效折射率n有关,所以当外界的被测量引起光纤光栅温度、应力改变都会导致反射的中心波长的变化。也就是说光纤光栅反射光中心波长的变化反映了外界被测信号的变化情况。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
传感器波长指的就是FBG反射谱中的尖峰的中心波长。这些峰值波长随着应变和温度的改变而改变。当温度升高或应变增大时,FBG传感器的峰值波长变长。如图,如果一个峰值波长1535.050nm的传感器从25?C 加热到35?C,传感器的峰值波长将增加到1535.150nm(每1C变化10pm)。大多数FBG查询系统工作在50nm窗范围内,从1520nm到1570nm。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
三、光纤光栅传感器的应用ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
光纤Bragg光栅在桥梁、通讯、建筑、机械、医疗、航海、航天、矿业等领域都能发挥重要作用,所以具有广阔的应用前景。光纤Bragg光栅的理论研究到目前为止已取得了很大成就,有关其实用性方面的研究还需要进一步深入。而对于如何检测传感光栅Bragg波长的微小偏移,是光纤布拉格光栅传感器实用化面临的关键技术。本文基于此特介绍了几种对光纤Bragg光栅波长解调的方法。这些方法中,滤波解调法虽然比较简单,但很难进一步提高其传感精度;光谱编码/比例解调法可以获得较高的分辨率,但却要求使用低强度的光源,同时考虑到光能衰减,使得多路复用技术的应用受到了限制;非平衡扫描迈克耳逊干涉仪解调法具有精度高的优点,对传感光栅的波长信息进行解码,并能对应变进行感测,用这种方法解调可以大大提高传感分辨率;用可调谐光纤Fabry Perot腔测量光纤光栅传感器的反射波长,可以直接将波长信号转换成电信号,并且具有体积小、价格低、灵敏度高、光能利用率高、操作简单和适用于工程应用的波长位移检测技术等优点。该方法在光纤传感领域的应用极具前景。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
在工程健康测试中,传统的监测方法一般都是采用在建筑物上安装应变片的方式进行监测,应变片的技术已经相当成熟,但随着应用范围的扩大,也暴露出了很多不足的地方,例如:布线繁杂,不易组网,易受电磁干扰等。近年来随着光纤传感技术的逐渐成熟,光纤光栅传感器的优点也越来越明显。有越来越多的工程测试开始采用光纤光栅传感器。光纤光栅传感器与传统的应变片相比优点如下:ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
1. 光纤光栅传感器采用波长编码,可以在一根光纤上串联多个传感器,容易组网ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
2. 光纤光栅传感器和分析仪器之间采用的是光纤连接,信号不受电磁干扰。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
3. 光纤光栅传感器主要材料是石英,更适合在恶劣腐蚀环境中使用。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
4. 使用寿命长,可达15年以上。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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光纤光栅工业监测TS125ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
TS125为一款特别为工业监测而设计的光纤光栅解调系统。每秒可同时对一个通道内的20个温度传感器进行扫描采样。每个通道甚至可连接20个以上的传感器,TS125基于高端传感器查询系统所采用的光纤F-P可调滤波技术,为降低成本而设计——尤其适合需要使用大量传感器的监测系统。与工控机整合,具备TCP/IP,USB接口,使得数据处理及数据收集更加得心应手。利用LabView图形用户接口,用户可随意选择波长、温度、位移等显示选项。TS125对恶劣环境适应良好,适合在极端温度条件下的温度长期监测使用。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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光学指标ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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通道数ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 8 可扩展至64 ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 电器特性ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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每通道最大 FBG 传感器数量ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | >20ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 电源ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 220VacZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
波长范围ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 1525~1565nm ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 接口ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | TCP/IP,RS232 或 USB ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
绝对精度ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ± 5pm ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
动态范围ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | >60dB ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 机械特性ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
分辨率ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 1pm ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 尺寸ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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典型 FBG 间隔ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 0.5nm ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 工作温度ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | -10~ 60 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
扫描频率ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 2Hz/通道ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 存储温度ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | -10~ 70 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
光学接头ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | FC/PCZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
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2、光纤光栅温度传感器FBGTZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
FBG 温度传感器用于对被测物进行长期的温度监测,广泛应用在桥梁、大坝、海洋石油平台、输油输气管道等大型结构及建筑,及电力、军工、消防、矿业ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
航空航天等领域大型设施或设备的准分布式精确测温。同时可以与无温度补偿应变传感器配合使用,以消除应变传感器的温度效应,即进行温度补偿。具有分布式测量点多、测温精度高、测温范围大、不受ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
电磁干扰、耐腐蚀等优点。ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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技术指标如下表:ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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FBG 中心波长ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 1525nm ~ 1565nm ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
光栅反射率ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ≥85 %ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
分辨率ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 0.1 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
测量精度ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | ± 0.5 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
量程ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | -30 ~ + 80 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ 或ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ 120 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ 或ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ 200 ℃ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
外形尺寸ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | Φ 7mm × 55mmZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ (可定制其他尺寸)ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
引线类型ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 左右各 0.5m ,(可定制其他尺寸)ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ 3mm 普通室内跳线,铠装光缆ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
封装结构ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ | 专业的防腐蚀、防潮设计ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ |
大坝监测施工方案图及施工现场图ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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测试结果曲线图ZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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杨涛 Tony.YangZÐlýúú~bbs.3c3t.com3HjM8}ÛÉ
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