塑性指数在15—20的粘质土可用，石灰稳定。但塑性指数在15以上的粘质土更适宜综合稳定，塑性指数在10以下的低液限粘土和砂用石灰稳定时，应采取适当的措施或水泥稳定，塑性指数偏大的粘质土，应加强粉碎，粉碎后土块的最大尺寸应不大于15mm，可采用二次拌和法，第一次加石灰拌和后，闷放1-2天，再加入其余石灰，进行第二次拌和。
石灰土的七天抗压强度对于底基层应不小于0.5—0.7mPa,石灰土的组成设计应根据强度要求，通过试验选取最适宜于稳定的土，确定必需的或最佳的石灰剂量和混合料的最佳含水量，在需要改善混合料的物理力学性质时，还应确定掺加料的比例。
质量不低于Ⅲ级的消石灰或生石灰粉，生石灰块要彻底消解后方可使用，生石灰粉使用时不经过消解，但拌入土中，需等2—3小时再进行碾压。石灰进场后要尽快使用，防止有效钙镁，含量下降，堆放位置合理选择或采取其他措施，避免对农田造成损害。
类别:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
指标:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
项目:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 钙质生石灰:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 镁质生石灰:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 钙质消石灰:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 镁质消石灰:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
等:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
级:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
Ⅰ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅱ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅲ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅰ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅱ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅲ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅰ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅱ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅲ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅰ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅱ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| Ⅲ:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
有效钙加氧化镁含量（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥85:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥80:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥70:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥80:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥75:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥65:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥65:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥60:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥55:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥60:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥55:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥50:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
未消解残渣含量（5mm圆孔筛的筛余%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
7:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤11:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤17:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤10:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤14:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤20:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
含水量（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
细度:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 0.71mm方孔筛的筛余%:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤1:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤1:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤1:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤1:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
0.25mm方孔筛的筛余%:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤13:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤20:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| --:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤13:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤20:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| --:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
钙镁石灰的分类界限，氧化镁含量（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ＞5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ＞4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
普通混凝土是由水泥、砂、碎石和水组成。混凝土中，砂、石起骨架作用，称为集料，也称骨料，水泥与水形成水泥浆，水泥浆包裹在集料表面并填充其空隙，在硬化前，水泥浆起润滑作用，赋予拌和物一定和易性，便于施工。水泥浆硬化后，则将集料胶结成一个坚实的整体，混凝土的技术性质在很大程度上是由原材料的性质及其相对含量决定的，同时也与施工工艺有关。因此，我们必须了解其原材料的性质、作用及其质量要求，合理选择原材料，这样才能保证混凝土的质量。
其次，明确各级公路均宜采用旋窑生产的水泥。其含义是，特重、重交通水泥路面应优先采用旋窑水泥，确有困难时或中、轻交通路面方可使用立窑水泥。主要理由是，立窑水泥的游离氧化钙和氧化镁含量较高，水泥体积稳定性较差。立窑水泥在烧成过程中，窑中间和边缘、窑上部与下部的烧成温度不同。研究表明：即使安定性合格的水泥，当水泥中的游离氧化钙含量在1%—1.8%之间变化时，其对路面混凝土在动载交通条件下的疲劳循环周次有3—5倍的影响，构成影响水泥路面使用寿命能否达到20—30年的关键因素。对此，我们要充分认识和理解静载结构与承受动载作用的公路水泥混凝土结构之间对水泥要求的实质性差别。
为防止路面发生温度裂缝，除低温天气、有快通要求的路段可采用R型水泥外，一般情况均宜使用普通型水泥。在实际工程中发现，热天气温较高的情况下，运到搅拌场的水泥温度有时高达70—90℃，再加上使用水化热高的R型水泥，由于铝酸三钙含量偏高，不仅收缩很大，而且水热化峰值很高，造成严重的温度裂缝。温度裂缝为板中裂缝，严重时会上下贯通，反映到表面上，而轻微时是潜在板中不易发现的裂缝，危害很大，应进行限制使用。低温天气施工或有快通要求的路面可使用水化热高的R型水泥，这主要是从低温施工的蓄热早强出发，有利于水泥路面尽早达到抗冻临界强度和尽快开放交通的需要。
其次，在相同水灰比条件下，水泥的抗折强度是混凝土弯拉强度不可逾越的上限。水泥的抗折强度不高，即使强度等级满足要求，也可能做不到按可靠度理论要求的配制28d弯拉强度均值的要求。
水泥应要求强度高，干缩小，耐磨性能好，抗冻性好。县乡公路可采用硅酸盐水泥，普通硅酸盐水泥，也可以采用矿渣硅酸盐水泥。由于火山灰质硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥耐磨性不好，一般不用于道路面层的铺筑。县乡公路主要采用42.5级水泥，对于某些交通量较小的村级道路，可采用32.5级水泥。水泥用量应严格执行配合比要求，水泥的化学成份及物理指标应符合下列要求，同时水泥的存放期不得超过三个月，存放时要做好防潮、防雨，以免水泥硬化。不同品种、牌号、强度等级、厂家的水泥，严禁混装和混合使用。
水泥性能:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 铝酸三钙（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 铁铝酸四钙（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 游离氧化钙（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 氧化镁（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 标稠需水量（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 烧失量（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 三氧化硫（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 比表面积:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
㎡/kg:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 细度（80um）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 初凝时间（h）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 终凝时间（h）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 28天干缩率（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 耐磨性（㎡/kg）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
指标要求:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
9:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥12.0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
1.5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
6.0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
30:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
5.0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
4:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 300--450:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
10%:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≥:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
1.5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
10:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤0.01:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| ≤:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
3.6:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
用做路面和桥面的混凝土的粗集料不得使用不分级的统料，应按最大公称粒径的不同采用2—4个粒级的集料进行掺配，并应符合级配的要求。粗集料各种规格要单独堆放，并写好规格、产地。
粒径类型:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 2.36:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 4.75:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 9.50:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 16.0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 19.0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 26.5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 31.5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 37.5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
累计筛余:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
（以质量计）（%）:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö :{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
合成级配:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 95-100:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 90-100:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 75-90:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 60-75:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 40-60:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 20-35:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 0--5:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
| 0:{ôDL} gãbbs.3c3t.comì9 N¡°ö
|
细集料应选用质地坚硬、耐久、洁净的，符合规定级配，细度模数在2.5以上的天然砂。其坚固性小于8%（按质量损失计），氯化物（氯离子质量计）小于0.02%，含泥量小于2.0%，硫化物及硫酸盐含量小于0.5%，表观密度大于2500kg/立方米，松散堆积密度大于1350 kg/立方米，云母小于2.0%（按质量损失计），空隙率小于47%，细集料级配应符合下表的要求
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