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¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

谈现场土方压实试验工作对土方回填施工质量的保证¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

云南城市建设监理有限公司　周伟¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

——— 来源：《云南建设监理》¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

笔者监理了云南省大型戒毒劳教所土石方工程，通过土方回填前的现场压实试验工作，保证了大型土方回填的工程质量。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

中华人民共和国国家标准GB50202-2002《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

第六章土方工程中6.3条土方回填对土方回填作了4条规定，其中6.3.3条：填方施工过程中应检查排水措施，每层填筑厚度、含水量控制、压实程度。填筑厚度及压实遍数应根据土质，压实系数及所用机具确定。如无实验依据，应符合表6.3.3的规定。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

表6.3.3¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ
填土施工时的分层厚度及压实遍数¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

压实机具 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

分层厚度（mm） ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

每层压实遍数 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

平碾 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

250～300¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

6～8¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

振动压实机 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

250～350¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

3～4¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

柴油打夯机 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

200～250 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

3～4¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

人工打夯 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

﹤200¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

3～4¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

在条文说明中：填方工程的施工参数如每层填筑厚度、压实遍数及压实系数对重要工程均应做现场实验后确定，或由设计提供。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

笔者认为对于大型及重要工程，必须按照该规范执行。笔者就自己监理的上述民用建筑土方回填工程，通过现场压实实验，来说明场地回填土方工程中压实实验的重要性，供参考。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

回填土的质量主要由现场回填土的压实密度来体现。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

土方回填前应清除基底的垃圾、树根等杂物，抽除坑穴积水、淤泥，验收基底标高。如在耕植土或松土上填方，应在基底压实后再进行，一般现场取土样，进行干密度实验，合格后进行回填土施工，对于软弱层，应根据设计要求进行换填处理后再进行施工。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

回填方土料应满足设计要求，对于需挖填场地，应立足于现场挖出的土料。所使用的土料必须现场取样，对土性变化大的场地，需划分出各自的区域，分别取样测定土样的最大干密度与最优含水量，回填时需分开回填，不能混淆。回填土前需测定土的含水量，如含水量大，需进行晾晒，降低含水量。如含水量小，需人工洒水，增加含水量，保证含水量接近最优含水量。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

施工场地地质情况说明：场地为残、坡积红粘土，分布均匀，厚度1～20米，变化较大，下伏灰岩，岩性变化不大，红粘土带弱膨胀性。挖方量约25万方，填方约22万方，石方约3万方，挖填基本平衡。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

一、试验目的：¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

测定土的含水量与质量密度的关系，从而确定该土的最优含水量与相应的压实干密度，根据击实试验确定的最大干密度之间的关系，掌握土方回填的压实遍数，给场平工作施工创造条件，以便保证土方压实的质量。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

二、试验内容：¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

本试验场地选在回填范围内，占地面积240m2, 试验场地根据工程的土方不同来源分为三部分（土样一、土样二、土样三）。试验日期为一天，参加人员为建设单位5人，监理单位4人，施工单位5人，共计14人。试验方法采用推土机找平，虚铺土厚度35cm，TY14型拖式振动碾压机，压实遍数4遍（振动碾4遍）；6遍（平碾2遍，振动碾4遍）和8遍（平碾2遍，振动碾6遍）三次进行，其中铺土也是依次进行，根据土样来源和压实变数不同共取土样75件（其中在做试验时废了一件），实际试验土样74件。待三层土样都根据不同的压实遍数全部压实后又垂直取样18件（每个土样取6组），由于在取样过程中废了一件，实际试验土样17件，整个过程共做土工试验92件，取样均采用200cm3环刀进行。74件土样含水量与干密度关系见下表：¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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2#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

31.7¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.450¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

7′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

35.7¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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3′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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15′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

29.9¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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2′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

30.6¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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1.411¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

振动碾压8遍（土样二） ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

环刀号 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

含水量 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

干密度 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

15#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

35.7¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.388¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

5#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

32.6¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.406¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

4#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

30.6¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.45¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

10#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

29.2¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.488¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

13#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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1.474¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

8′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

32.6¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.420¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

18′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

32.7¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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4′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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11′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

31.4¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.462¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

13′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

33.7¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.372¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

振动碾压8遍（土样三）¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

环刀号 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

含水量 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

干密度 ¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

7#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

36.5¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.396¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

8#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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3#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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17#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

35.7¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.396¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

11#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

35.2¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.406¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

17′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

31.4¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.419¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

5′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

32.5¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.372¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

10′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

34.4¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.382¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

12′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

34.1¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.375¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

14′#¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

32.1¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1.412¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

三、试验情况：¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1、所试验的粘土经环刀取样试验，干密度随含水量增加而减少。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

2、所试验的粘土天然含水量偏大，所做点处于最佳含水量锋值的右侧。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

3、从试验来看，碾压6、8遍所做点相对集中，离散点较少。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

4、从挖坑取样看，在第3层碾压后几处厚度有35cm，底部所取土样相对容易，眼观察土体稍松。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

5、挖坑取样中，有结合层分离情况。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

6、同层碾压中，光滑面结合处有水平分层现象。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

7、实验碾压不均匀，有的地方碾压遍数失真及实验操作不规范，导致少量数据在相同含水量的情况下，干密度相差偏大。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

8、垂直取样实验情况与分层取样实验基本一致，后续碾压对下层密实度基本无影响，不会增加下层的密实度。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

9、虚铺土厚度可按35cm实施。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

四、结论：¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

1、本场地回填土质天然含水量偏大，回填时要减少含水量，含水量以击实实验的最优含水量为准，施工方要采取保证含水量措施。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ
2、建议施工回填碾压遍数不能少于6遍，8遍不经济。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

3、需铺土厚度不大于35cm。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

4、每层结合层较光滑面处需采取抛毛处理。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

5、实验室操作人员要持证上岗，避免、减少实验误差。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

回填土施工时，施工、监理严格按实验结论指导施工：虚铺土厚度35cm，使用相同设备静压2遍，振动碾4遍（含抛毛处理的凸碾1遍），基层洒水后碾压，开挖回填土碾压前测含水量，分区域晾晒施工，试验员执证上岗，严格按实验规程操作，保证了回填土质量。后期基础施工时，人工开挖较难。特别是边坡较好：回填密实，容易成形，经过两个雨季后，5米高的边坡没有被雨水冲刷，保持了较好的形状，回填土施工受得了建设方的好评。¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

参考书目：中华人民共和国国家标准GB50202---2002《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

¾óÌ[Xw~-bbs.3c3t.comw´v´ÖÃ

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