试题 [复制链接]

一、填空题（共25分，每空1分）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

1、材料的（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
力学vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）性质，是材料在外力作用下抵抗变形和破坏的能力。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

2、水泥细度是控制水泥质量的重要指标之一。水泥细度检验时的筛析方法有（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
干筛vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）法、（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
水筛vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）法和（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
负压筛析vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）法。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

3、混凝土用砂、石的含泥量是指公称粒径小于（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
0.080vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）mm的颗粒含量。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

4、大体积混凝土施工时，宜用（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
缓凝vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）减水剂；寒冷条件下宜用（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
防冻vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）减水剂。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

5、普通混凝土常用的水泥种类有（硅酸盐水泥）、（普通水泥）、（矿渣水泥）、（火山灰水泥）、（粉煤灰水泥）和（复合水泥）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

6、砂浆和易性的好坏主要处决于（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
流动性vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）和（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
粘聚性vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
），前者用（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
稠度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）表示，后者用（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
分层度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）表示。。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

7、钢材随含碳量的（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
提高vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）强度增高，而延展性、冲击韧性随之（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
降低vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）。碳素钢中的硫含量影响其（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
热加工性能vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）；磷含量影响其（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
冷加工性能vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

8、土壤液限是土的（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
可塑vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）状态和（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
流动vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）状态的分界含水量，塑限是（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
半固体vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）状态和（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
可塑vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）状态的分界含水量。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

二、单项选择题（共7分，每题1分）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

1、工地测得湿砂的含水率为a，则施工配合比中湿砂的实际用量应为（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
Bvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．干砂重/（1＋a）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．干砂重×（1＋a）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

C．干砂重/（1－a）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．干砂重×（1－a）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

2、当混凝土试件采用边长为100mm3的立方体时，抗压结果折算标准试件抗压强度时应乘以（ B ）系数。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．1．05vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．0．95vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．0．90vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

3、横截面面积为314．2mm2的光圆钢筋，当屈服力Fs为76． 5kN时，屈服点为（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
Bvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）MPa。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．243MPavý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．245MPavý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．240MPavý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

4、有一组数据0．23、0．342和0．4，其和应为（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
Dvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．0．92vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．0．922vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．0．9vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．1．0vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

5、混凝土配合比设计中的各项参数，对混凝土坍落度影响最大的参数是（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
Bvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．水泥用量vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．用水量vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．水灰比vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．砂率vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

6、当水泥细度检验结果发生争议时，应以（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
Avý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）法为准。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．负压筛析法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．干筛法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．水筛法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

7、有一组混凝土检查试件，其抗压强度数据为31．4MPa 、26．4MPa和22．3MPa ，该组混凝土试件的抗压强度代表值为（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
Cvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．26．4MPavý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．26．0MPavý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．不作为评定依据vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

三．多项选择题（共8分，每题1分）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

1、可以用于制做抗渗混凝土的水泥有（ A、B、D ）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．普通硅酸盐水泥vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．火山灰质硅酸盐水泥vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

C．矿渣硅酸盐水泥vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．硅酸盐水泥vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

2、下列水泥质量指标中，当（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
A、Cvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）中任意一项不符合标准规定时，则判为水泥不合格。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．细度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．氧化镁vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．强度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．安定性vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
E．三氧化硫vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

3、混凝土用砂的有害物质为（ A、B、C、D、E ）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．云母vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．泥块vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．有机物vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．轻物质vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
E．氯离子vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

4、在室内测定土的密度试验方法有（ C、D ）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．灌砂法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．核子仪法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．环刀法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．蜡封法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
E．K30法vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

5、钢筋的一般检验项目包括（ A、C、E、H ）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

A．屈服强度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
B．疲劳强度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
C．延伸率vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
D．硬度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

E．弯曲vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
F．冲击韧性vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
G．钢铁化学分析vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
H．极限强度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

6、喷射混凝土可以加入的外加剂是（B D ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

（A）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
早强剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（B）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
减水剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（C）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
引气剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（D）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
速凝剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

7、夏季混凝土施工应掺外加剂是（ C D）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

（A）高效减水剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（B）早强减水剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（C）缓凝剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（D）缓凝减水剂vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

8、混凝土配合比设计的主要参数是（vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
A、C、Dvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

（A）水灰比vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（B）单方混凝土水泥用量vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（C）单方混凝土用水量；vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（D）砂率。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

四．判断题（共5分，每题0.5分，正确打√，错误打×）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

1、试验前必须对仪器设备进行检查，并做好记录。（ √ ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

2、试验室所用计量仪器设备，凡是没有检定规程的都必须进行自校。（ √ ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

3、混凝土抗压强度的保证率应达到95%。（ √ ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

4、水泥负压筛的修正系数取值有效范围，规范未做规定。（×）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

5、混凝土强度检验评定标准GBJ107—87与铁路混凝土强度检验评定标准TB10425—94是完全一致的。（ × ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

6、土的密度是指土的单位体积的质量。（ √ ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

7、钢材试验可以在任意室温下进行。（ × ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

8、试验记录和试验报告允许划改，但应将正确数据填写在划改数据的右上方，并加盖划改人名章。（ × ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

9、不合格水泥就是废品。（ × ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

10、对仪器设备实行标志管理，当某压力机经计量测试部门进行周期计量检定后，其C度盘不合格，但A、B两度盘合格，并签发有检定证书，故将该压力机贴上绿色合格证管理标志。（ × ）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

五．简答题（共20分，每题5分）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

1、《铁路混凝土与砌体工程施工质量验收标准》（TB10424-2003）规定必须采用同条件养*制作抗压强度试件对结构实体强度进行检验的结构有哪些？具体是如何规定的？vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

答：桥梁、墩台、隧道衬砌。桥梁每墩台、每孔（片）梁和隧道每200米衬砌应按不同强度等级制作同条件养*抗压强度试件不少于一次。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

2、砌筑砂浆的抗压强度只与水泥用量和水泥强度等级有关，这句话对不对？为什么？vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

答：不对。砌筑砂浆有砌砖砂浆和砌石砂浆之分，对砌砖砂浆来说其强度只与水泥强度vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

等级及水泥用量有关；而对砌石砂浆来说，其强度不仅与水泥强度等级及水泥用量有关，而且与水有关，即还与水灰比有关。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

3、简答混凝土坍落度试验方法和坍落度取值方法？vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

答：试验前应将坍落度筒、钢板及捣棒润湿，将坍落度筒放于钢板上，双脚踩住踏板，将混凝土拌和物分三层装入坍落度筒，每层用φ16×600弹头型捣棒沿螺旋方向自边向中插捣25次，第一层插至底部，第二层和第三层应插透本层捣至下层表面，第三层插捣完毕后用抹刀抹平顶面，双手按住坍落度筒两侧提手，双脚离开踏板，用双手将坍落度筒在5～10S内慢慢垂直提起后放在坍落试体旁，用直尺测量坍落度筒筒顶至坍落试体最高点的距离，即为混凝土拌和物坍落度，以mm计，精确到5mm。坍落度测试自装料至测试完毕要求在15min内完成。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

4、铁路路基填土密度检验时，有时会出现压实系数大于1．00的现象，试分析其原因？vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

答：可能是取样部位不具代表性，遇有石子所致。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

六．计算题（共35分，每题7分）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

1、用灌砂法测得灌满试坑的砂子质量为2．720kg（砂子的密度为1．70g/cm3 ），试坑内挖出的湿土总质量为2．760kg，用烘干法测得含水率为9．5%，试计算土的干密度和湿密度？vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

解：椐已知条件得试坑容积为：2720g÷1.70g/cm3=1600cm3vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

故湿密度为：vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
2760g÷1600cm3=1.72g/cm3vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

椐已知条件得干土质量为：2760g÷（1+0.095）=2520gvý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

故干密度为：vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
2520g÷1600cm3=1.58g/cm3vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

答：该土的干密度为1.58g/cm3，湿密度为1.72g/cm3。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

2、一组水泥胶砂试件的28天抗压强度值为51．7 、47．5 、51．4、 46．8 、52．2、vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

57．5（MPa），问该组水泥胶砂试件的28天抗压强度是多少？ vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

解：（51.7+47.5+51.4+46.8+52.2+57.5）÷6=51.2（MPa）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

∵57.5÷51.2=1.123vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
∴舍去57.5MPa，取余下5个值平均值为：vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

（51.7+47.5+51.4+46.8+52.2）÷5=49.9（MPa）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

余下的5个值与平均值之差均未超过±10%，故取49.9MPa为抗压强度结果。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

答：该组水泥胶砂试件的28天抗压强度为49.9（MPa）。vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

3、强度等级为C25的混凝土，按理论配合比计算得每立方米混凝土各项材料用量分别为：水泥320kg、砂子770kg、石子1170kg、水180kg。取现场砂样1kg，炒干后为960g；取现场石子样2kg，炒干后为1960g。请计算施工配合比？vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

解：砂含水率为：vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN
（1000-960）÷960=4.2%vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

石子含水率为：（2000-1960）÷1960=2.0%vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

理论配合比为：320/320：770/320：1170/320：180/320=1：2.41：3.66：0.56vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

施工配合比：1：2.41×（1+0.042）：3.66×（1+0.020）：（0.56-0.042×2.41-0.020×3.66）vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN

=1：2.51：3.73：0.39vý¾ö·Ã+åbbs.3c3t.comëTöøöKÿUN