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发表于 2007-06-14 18:09 |只看楼主

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

谈现场土方压实试验工作对土方回填施工质量的保证ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

云南城市建设监理有限公司　周伟ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

——— 来源：《云南建设监理》ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

笔者监理了云南省大型戒毒劳教所土石方工程，通过土方回填前的现场压实试验工作，保证了大型土方回填的工程质量。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

中华人民共和国国家标准GB50202-2002《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

第六章土方工程中6.3条土方回填对土方回填作了4条规定，其中6.3.3条：填方施工过程中应检查排水措施，每层填筑厚度、含水量控制、压实程度。填筑厚度及压实遍数应根据土质，压实系数及所用机具确定。如无实验依据，应符合表6.3.3的规定。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

表6.3.3ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö
填土施工时的分层厚度及压实遍数ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

压实机具 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

分层厚度（mm） ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

每层压实遍数 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

平碾 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

250～300ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

6～8ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动压实机 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

250～350ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3～4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

柴油打夯机 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

200～250 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3～4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

人工打夯 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

﹤200ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3～4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

在条文说明中：填方工程的施工参数如每层填筑厚度、压实遍数及压实系数对重要工程均应做现场实验后确定，或由设计提供。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

笔者认为对于大型及重要工程，必须按照该规范执行。笔者就自己监理的上述民用建筑土方回填工程，通过现场压实实验，来说明场地回填土方工程中压实实验的重要性，供参考。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

回填土的质量主要由现场回填土的压实密度来体现。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

土方回填前应清除基底的垃圾、树根等杂物，抽除坑穴积水、淤泥，验收基底标高。如在耕植土或松土上填方，应在基底压实后再进行，一般现场取土样，进行干密度实验，合格后进行回填土施工，对于软弱层，应根据设计要求进行换填处理后再进行施工。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

回填方土料应满足设计要求，对于需挖填场地，应立足于现场挖出的土料。所使用的土料必须现场取样，对土性变化大的场地，需划分出各自的区域，分别取样测定土样的最大干密度与最优含水量，回填时需分开回填，不能混淆。回填土前需测定土的含水量，如含水量大，需进行晾晒，降低含水量。如含水量小，需人工洒水，增加含水量，保证含水量接近最优含水量。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

施工场地地质情况说明：场地为残、坡积红粘土，分布均匀，厚度1～20米，变化较大，下伏灰岩，岩性变化不大，红粘土带弱膨胀性。挖方量约25万方，填方约22万方，石方约3万方，挖填基本平衡。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

一、试验目的：ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

测定土的含水量与质量密度的关系，从而确定该土的最优含水量与相应的压实干密度，根据击实试验确定的最大干密度之间的关系，掌握土方回填的压实遍数，给场平工作施工创造条件，以便保证土方压实的质量。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

二、试验内容：ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

本试验场地选在回填范围内，占地面积240m2, 试验场地根据工程的土方不同来源分为三部分（土样一、土样二、土样三）。试验日期为一天，参加人员为建设单位5人，监理单位4人，施工单位5人，共计14人。试验方法采用推土机找平，虚铺土厚度35cm，TY14型拖式振动碾压机，压实遍数4遍（振动碾4遍）；6遍（平碾2遍，振动碾4遍）和8遍（平碾2遍，振动碾6遍）三次进行，其中铺土也是依次进行，根据土样来源和压实变数不同共取土样75件（其中在做试验时废了一件），实际试验土样74件。待三层土样都根据不同的压实遍数全部压实后又垂直取样18件（每个土样取6组），由于在取样过程中废了一件，实际试验土样17件，整个过程共做土工试验92件，取样均采用200cm3环刀进行。74件土样含水量与干密度关系见下表：ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动碾压4遍（土样一）ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

环刀号 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

干密度 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

12#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.0ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.388ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

14#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.382ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

2#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

29.0ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.45ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

18#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.419ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

13#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.1ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.422ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动碾压4遍（土样二）ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

环刀号 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

干密度 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

33.5ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.416ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

8#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

31.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.413ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

15#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

31.8ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.373ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

4#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.3ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.443ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

11#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.3ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.370ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动碾压4遍（土样三） ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

环刀号 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

干密度 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

8#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.0ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.412ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.393ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

14#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.5ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.413ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

11#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

33.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.419ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

干密度 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

12#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.9ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.372ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

14#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

32.5ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.408ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

2#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

31.8ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.442ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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34.9ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.354ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

13#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.1ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.394ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

15#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.8ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.393ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

17#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.2ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.390ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.9ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.371ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

5#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.408ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

7#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.404ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动碾压6遍（土样二） ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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1#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

33.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.430ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

8#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.8ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.380ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

15#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.8ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.393ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

4#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

39.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.332ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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32.0ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.393ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

18#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.9ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.363ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

13#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

39.7ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.395ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

10#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

33.3ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.394ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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7′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.7ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.405ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.1ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.405ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

15′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

29.9ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.392ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

2′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.470ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.3ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.411ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动碾压8遍（土样二） ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

环刀号 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

干密度 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

15#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.7ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.388ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

5#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

32.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.406ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

4#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

30.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.45ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

10#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

29.2ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.488ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

13#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

29.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.474ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

8′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

32.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.420ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

18′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

32.7ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.416ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

4′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

33.0ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.413ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

11′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

31.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.462ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

13′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

33.7ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.372ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

振动碾压8遍（土样三）ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

环刀号 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

含水量 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

干密度 ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

7#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

36.5ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.396ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

8#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.9ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.341ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.6ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.394ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

17#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.7ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.396ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

11#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

35.2ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.406ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

17′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

31.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.419ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

5′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

32.5ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.372ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

10′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.4ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.382ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

12′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

34.1ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.375ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

14′#ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

32.1ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1.412ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

三、试验情况：ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1、所试验的粘土经环刀取样试验，干密度随含水量增加而减少。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

2、所试验的粘土天然含水量偏大，所做点处于最佳含水量锋值的右侧。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3、从试验来看，碾压6、8遍所做点相对集中，离散点较少。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

4、从挖坑取样看，在第3层碾压后几处厚度有35cm，底部所取土样相对容易，眼观察土体稍松。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

5、挖坑取样中，有结合层分离情况。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

6、同层碾压中，光滑面结合处有水平分层现象。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

7、实验碾压不均匀，有的地方碾压遍数失真及实验操作不规范，导致少量数据在相同含水量的情况下，干密度相差偏大。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

8、垂直取样实验情况与分层取样实验基本一致，后续碾压对下层密实度基本无影响，不会增加下层的密实度。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

9、虚铺土厚度可按35cm实施。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

四、结论：ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

1、本场地回填土质天然含水量偏大，回填时要减少含水量，含水量以击实实验的最优含水量为准，施工方要采取保证含水量措施。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö
2、建议施工回填碾压遍数不能少于6遍，8遍不经济。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

3、需铺土厚度不大于35cm。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

4、每层结合层较光滑面处需采取抛毛处理。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

5、实验室操作人员要持证上岗，避免、减少实验误差。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

回填土施工时，施工、监理严格按实验结论指导施工：虚铺土厚度35cm，使用相同设备静压2遍，振动碾4遍（含抛毛处理的凸碾1遍），基层洒水后碾压，开挖回填土碾压前测含水量，分区域晾晒施工，试验员执证上岗，严格按实验规程操作，保证了回填土质量。后期基础施工时，人工开挖较难。特别是边坡较好：回填密实，容易成形，经过两个雨季后，5米高的边坡没有被雨水冲刷，保持了较好的形状，回填土施工受得了建设方的好评。ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

参考书目：中华人民共和国国家标准GB50202---2002《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö

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发送短消息 UID 45910 精华 0 查看公共资料搜索主题搜索帖子 aa312081125 组别新注册帖子3 积分12 性别注册时间2008-03-26 个人空间	2^# 字体大小: t T 发表于 2008-03-26 22:25 \|只看该用户回复：谈现场土方压实试验工作对土方回填施工质量的保证很有用的信息不过看得好类ø»U_Á-bbs.3c3t.comP q åÖxö


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