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[交流] 路基施工方案范本 [复制链接]

1#
11基本要求/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
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1.1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1
恢复路基中线,放出各设计断面边桩,并校核路基设计工程量。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
2
认真进行调查研究,全面搜集沿线地质、水文、地形、地貌、气象等资料,进         行路基施工组织设计。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
3
根据挖、填方各路线的工程地质情况,选择各种切实可行的施工方法。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
4
严格按照技术规范和设计要求组织施工,确保路基宽度、高度、分层厚度,平整度、压实度、边坡坡度等符合设计要求。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
5
对特殊不良地质路段,要按设计进行特殊处理,确保路基的稳定可靠。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
6
施工过程中,要按规定进行质量检查,并请监理工程师签认工程师质量和工程数量。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
2
挖方路基/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
121土方路基开挖/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
A./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
施工方法/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
a./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
恢复定线,放出边线桩,对不同路段采取不同的施工方法。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
b./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
对较短的路堑采用横挖方法,路堑深度不大时,一次挖到设计标高;路堑深度较大时,分成几个台阶进行开挖。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
c./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
对较长的路堑采用纵挖法,其路堑宽度、深度不大时,按横断面全宽纵向分层开挖;对宽度、深度较大的路堑,采用通道式纵挖法开挖。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
d./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
对超长路堑,采用分段纵挖法开挖。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
e./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
路基土方开挖采用机械化施工方法:土方运距在100m左右,选用推土机挖运;运距在500m以内,使用拖式铲运机挖运;运距在1km以内,采用自行式大铲运机挖运;大体积的土方远运,宜用挖装机械配合自卸汽车施工。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
f./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
路基开工前,应考虑排水系统的布设,防止在施工中线路外的水流入线内,并将线路内的水(包括地面积水、雨水、地下渗水)迅速排出路基,保证施工顺利进行。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
g./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
对设计中拟定的纵横向排水系统,要随着路基的开挖,适时组织施工,保证雨季不积水,并及时安排边沟、边坡的修整和防护,确保边坡稳定。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
h./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
路槽达到设计标高后,用平地机整平,刮出路拱,并预留压实量,最后用压路压实,检查压实度。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
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B.工艺流程框图/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

路基放样/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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地表清理/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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土方挖运/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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边坡修理/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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    /õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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排水系统施工/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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击实标准试验/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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路槽平整压实/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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压实度检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
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.要机械设备:推土机,铲运机,挖土机,装载机,平地机,压路机,自卸汽车。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
122石方路基爆破开挖/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
A./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
施工方法/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
a./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
恢复路基中线,放出边线,钉牢边桩。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
b./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
根据地形,地质及挖深选择适宜的开挖爆破方法,制订爆破方案,作出爆破施工组织设计,报有关部门审批。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
c./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
用推土机整修施工便道,清理表层覆盖土及危石。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
d./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
在地面上准确放出炮眼(井)位置,竖立标牌,标明孔井号,深度,装药量。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
e./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
用推土机配合爆破,创造临空面,使最小抵抗线方向面向回填方向。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
f./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
炮眼按其不同深度,采用手风钻或潜孔钻钻孔,炮眼布置在整体爆破时采用“梅花型”或“方格型”,预裂爆破时采用“一字型”,洞室爆破根据设计确定药包的位置和药量。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
g./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
在居民区及地质不良可能引起坍塌后遗症的路段,原则上不采用大中型洞室爆破。在石方集中的深挖路堑采用洞室爆破时,应认真设计分集药包位置和装药量,精确测算爆破漏斗,防止超爆、少爆或振松边坡,留下后患。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
h./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
爆破施工要严格控制飞石距离,采取切实可行的措施,确保人员和建筑物的安全,如采用毫秒微差爆破技术,将一响最大药量控制为最深单孔药量,当最深梯段为HT时,单孔装药量Q按下式计算:/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
Q=e
* q */õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
HT * Wd/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
其中:e——炸药换算系数/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
q
——梯段爆破单位耗药量/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
Wd
——最小抵抗线/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
i./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
控制爆破也可以采用分段毫秒爆破方法,其最大段用药量Q按下式计算:/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
R=
K/V1/2/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
* Q/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
* M/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
其中:K——与地质条件有关的系数/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
M
——药量指数/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
V
——爆破安全振动速度/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
R
——建筑物距爆破中心距离/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
j./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
为确保边坡爆破质量,采用预裂爆破技术,光面爆破技术和排眼毫秒爆破技术,同时配合选择合理的爆破参数,减少冲击波影响,降低石料大块率,以减少二次破碎,利于装运和填方。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
k./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
装药前要布好警戒,选择好通行道路,认真检查炮孔、洞室,吹净残渣,排除积水,做好爆破器材的防水保护工作,雨季或有地下水时,可考虑采用乳化防水炸药。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
l./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
装药分单层、分层装药,预裂装药及洞室内集中装药。光眼装药后用木杆捣实,填塞粘土,洞室装药时,将预先加好的起爆体放在药包中心位置,周围填以硝酸安全炸药,用砂粘土填塞,填塞时要注意保护起爆线路。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
m./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
认真设计,严密布设起爆网络,防止发生短路及二响重叠现象。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
n./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
顺利起爆,并清除边坡危石后, 用推土机清出道路,用推土机、铲运机纵向出土填方,运距较远时,用挖掘机机械装土,自卸汽车运输。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
o./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
随时注意控制开挖断面,切勿超爆,适时清理整修边坡和暴露的孤石。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
p./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
路基开挖至设计标高,经复测检查断面尺寸合格后,及时开挖边沟和排水沟,截水沟,经监理工程师验收合格后,按设计对边沟、边坡进行防护,边沟施工要做到尺寸准确,线型直顺,曲线圆滑,沟底平顺,排水畅通,浆砌护坡要做平整坚实,灰浆饱满。路槽整理要掌握好,不要留孤石和超爆,做到一次标准成型验收合格。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
B.工艺流程框图/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
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测量路基/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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施工准备/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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爆破组织设计/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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甲方审查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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有关部门审批/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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测量布孔/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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人、料、机准备/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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监理检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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自检测孔/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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装药填塞/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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孔井检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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网络布设/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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防护警戒/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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清运/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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处理危石/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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整修边坡/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
C.主要机械设备:空压机,手风钻,潜孔钻,推土机,装载机,平地机,压路机,自卸汽车,爆破仪表和设备。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
   /õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
3填方路基/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.3.1施工特征/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
路基填筑工程可用配套的机械化施工。形成挖、装、运、摊、平、压机械化流水作业,能保证路基填筑高质量,高速度的完成。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.3.2施工方法/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
A./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
恢复路基中线并加密中桩,测标高,放出坡脚桩,桩上注明桩号,标上填筑高度。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
B./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
清除填方范围内的草皮,树根,淤泥,积水,并翻松,平整压实地基,经监理工程师认可,实测填前标高后,方能上土填筑路基。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
C./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
选择适宜的填筑材料,提前作好标准击实试验,并经监理工程师批准试验资料和选择的取料场。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
D./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
地面横坡陡于1:5时,原地面应挖成台阶后填筑,地面横坡陡于1:2.5时,应作特殊处理,防止路堤沿基底滑动。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
E./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
采用水平分层的方法填筑路堤,根据压实设备和技术规范确定压实厚度,一般控制每层压实厚度20cm。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
F./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
土方的挖、装、运均采用机械化施工,一般用挖装机械配备自卸汽车运土,按每延米用土量严格控制卸土,推土机把土摊开,平地机整平。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
G./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
当路基填土含水量大于最佳含水量时可在路外晾、晒也可在路基上用铧犁翻拌晾晒;当含水量不足时,可用水车洒水补充,使填土达到最佳含水量的要求,确保达到压实度标准。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
H./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
当路堤宽度、厚度和填土含水量等符合要求后,用压路机从路边向路中,从低侧向高侧顺序碾压。压实遵照先轻后重的原则,直到达到设计的压实度为止。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
I./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
根据路堤的填筑高度,严格按规范要求检查压实度,每层填土都要资料齐全,并经监理工程师签认或旁站。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
J./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
在雨季施工中,严防路堤积水,填筑层表面应适当加大横坡度,以利于排水,并注意天气预报,及时碾压成型,防止填土被雨水泡软。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
K./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
进入初冬填筑路堤时,尽量昼夜连续施工,取土场进行覆盖,保证填土不受冻害影响,每天填筑的土层要当天碾压成型。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
L./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
达到设计标高时要抓紧按设计要求整理路槽,修整边坡,防护,确保路堤填筑质量和稳定性。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
M./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
设计在填方路段的桥涵构造物要提前施工,桥涵两侧填土应特别注意,填筑材料必须符合设计及规范要求,台背填方最好与路堤填方同步协调进行,桥台附近配合小型压实机械压实,台背回填和路堤填充方结合部要特别重视,如后填台背要挖台阶,保证压实度合格。雨季应防止地面水流入,如有积水要及时排除,确保台背压实质量,严防因桥头填土沉降而造成的跳车。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
N./õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
半填半挖路基和填挖交界处的路基,结合填挖方路基的施工要求进行,填方一般从低处开始,按距路基顶面的不同高度控制压实度标准,最后一层要翻松挖方地段,平整后和填方路段一起碾压成型路基。/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
1.3.3工艺流程框图/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰
/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

路堤放样/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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清理地表/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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选择土场/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

击实试验/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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填前压实/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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清除表土/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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压实度检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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测量标高/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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击实试验/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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监理签认/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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路堤上土/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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土方运输/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

含水量检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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平整压实/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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处理弹簧/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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压实度检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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边坡修整/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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排水施工/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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填上层料/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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监理检查/õýt?9ö²—ôbbs.3c3t.comHnއQÁ—~$‰

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