土方工程作业指导书jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾一般规定:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾土石方工程应合理选择施工方案,编制、审批、实施符合九九定额精神,尽量采用新技术和机械化施工。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾施工中如发现有文物或古墓等应妥善保护,并应立即报请当地有关部门处理后,方可继续施工。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾在敷设有地上或地下管道、光缆、电缆、电线的地段施工进行土方施工时,应事先取得管理部门的书面同意,施工时应采取措施,以防损坏。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾土石方工程应在定位放线后,方可施工。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾土方工程施工应进行土方平衡计算,按照土方运距最短、运程合理和各个工程项目的施工顺序做好调配,减少重复搬运。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1、场地平整jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.1、操作方法:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾关键是测量,随干随测,最终测量作好书面记录。实地测点标识,作为检查、交验的依据。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾填方应选用符合要求的土料,边坡施工应按填土压实标准进行水平分层回填压实。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾平整场地后,表面逐点检查,检查点的间距不宜大于20M。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.质量要求及标准:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.1.平整场地:平整区域的坡度与设计相差不应超过0.1%,排水沟坡度与设计要求相差不超过0.05%,设计无要求时,向排水沟方向作不小于2%的坡度。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.2.场地平整的允许偏差:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.2.1.表面标高:人工清理±30MM,机械清理:±50MM;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.2.2.长度、宽度(由设计中心向两边量)不应偏小;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.2.3.边坡坡度人工施工表面平整,不应偏陡,机械施工基本成型,不应偏陡;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.2.2.4.地面、路面下的地基:水平标高0~-50MM,平整度≤20MM。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.3、质量检验方法:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾用水准仪及2m检查尺检查。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4、质量通病的预防措施:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.1、场地积水预防措施:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.1.1、平整前,对整个场地进行系统设计,本着先地下后地上的原则,做排水设施,使整个场地水流畅通;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.1.2、填土应认真分层回填辗压,相对密实度不低于85%;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.1.3、做好测量复核工作,避免出现标高误差。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.2、填方边坡塌方预防措施:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.2.1、根据填方高度,土的种类和工程重要性按设计规定放坡,当填方高度在10m内,宜采用1:1.5,高度超过10m,可作成折线形,上部为1:1.5,下部采用1:1.75;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.2.2、土料符合要求,不良土质可随即进行坡面防护,保证边缘部位的压实质量,对要求边坡整平拍实的,可以宽填0.2m;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.2.3、在边坡上下部作好排水沟,避免在影响边坡稳定的范围内积水。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.3、填方出现橡皮土jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾现象:填土受夯打(辗压)后,基土发生颤动,受夯打(辗压)处下陷,四周鼓起,这种橡皮土使地基承载力降低,变形加大,长时间不能稳定。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾预防措施:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.3.1、避免在含水量过大的腐殖土、泥炭土、粘土、亚粘土等厚状土上进行回填;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾控制含水量,尽量使其在最优含水量范围内,手握成团,落地即散;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.3.3、填土区设置排水沟,以排除地表水。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.4、回填土密实度达不到要求的预防措施:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.4.1、土料不符合要求时,应挖出换土回填或掺入石灰、碎石等压(夯)实回填材料;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.4.2、对由于含水量过大,可采取翻松、晾晒、风干或均匀掺入干土;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾1.4.4.3、使用大功率压实机械辗压。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2、基坑开挖jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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.k®M8F¾2.1、操作方法:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.1.1、土质均匀,且地下水位低于基坑底面标高,挖方深度不超过下列规定时,可不放坡、不加支撑;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾密实、中等密实的砂土和碎石类土1m。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾硬塑、可塑的轻亚粘土及亚粘土1.25m。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾硬塑、可塑的粘土1.5m。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾坚硬的粘土2m。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.1.2、土质均匀,且地下水位低于基坑底面标高,挖土深度在5m以内,不加支撑。定额规定高:宽为1:0.33,放坡起点1.5m,实际施工,参照下表:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾土的类别jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ 坡度(高、宽)jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 中密的砂土jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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.k®M8F¾
| 中密碎石类土jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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.k®M8F¾
| 粘jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ 土jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 老 黄 土jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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| 1:1jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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| 1:0.5-0.75jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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| 1:0.33-0.67jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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| 1:0.10jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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.k®M8F¾2.1.3、基坑底部开挖宽度jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾基础材料jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 砖基础jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 毛石、条石基础jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 砼基础支模jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 基础垂直、面做防水jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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工作面宽度(mm)jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 200jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 150jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 300jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 800jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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在原有建筑物邻近挖土,如深度超过原建筑物基础底标高,其挖土坑边与原基础边缘的距离必须大于两坑底高差的1-2倍,并对边坡采取保护措施。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.1.5、挖方的弃土或放土,应保证挖方边坡的稳定与排水。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.1.6、土方工程一般不宜在雨天进行。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.1.7、机械挖土应在基底标高以上保留10cm左右用人工挖平清底。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.1.8、挖至基坑底时,应会同建设、监理、质安、设计、勘察单位验槽。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.2、基坑排水、降水:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.2.1、浅基础或水量不大的基坑,在基坑底做成一定的排水坡度,在基坑边一侧、二侧或四周设排水沟,在四角或每30-40m设一个长70-80cm的集水井,排水沟和集水井应在基础轮廓线以外,排水沟底宽不小于0.3m,坡度为0.1-0.5%,排水沟底应比挖土面低30-50cm,集水井底比排水沟低0.5-1.0m,渗入基坑内的地下水经排水沟汇集于集水井内,用水泵排出坑外。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.2.2、较大的地下构筑物或深基础,在地下水位以下的含水层施工时,采用一般大开口挖土,明沟排水方法,常会遇到大量地下水涌水或较严重的流砂现象,不但使基坑无法控保,还会造成大量水土流失,影响邻近建筑物的安全,遇此情况一般需用人工降低地下水位。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.2.3、人工降低地下水位,常用井点排水方法是沿基坑的四周或一侧埋入深入坑底的井点滤水管或管井,以总管连接抽水,使地下水低于基坑底,以便在无水状态下挖土,不但可以防止流砂现象或增加边坡稳定,而且便于施工。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.3、常用土方施工机械:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.3.1、推土机:适用范围:适于开挖3类土,经济运距80m以内,效率最高为60m,多用于平整场地,开挖深度在1.5m内的基坑。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.3.2、挖掘机:适用于开挖含水量不大于27%的四类土和经爆破后的岩土和冻土,其操作灵活,工作效益高,适用大量土方开挖。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.3.3、装载机:操作录活,回转移位方便,可装卸土方和散料,行驶速度快,可进行松软表层土剥离、整平。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.4、质量要求标准:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.4.1、土质必须符合要求,并严禁扰动,不得有积水、浮土和淤泥。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.4.2、允许偏差项目:(MM)jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾项 目jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 标 高jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 长度、宽度jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 边坡偏陡jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 人工jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 机械jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 人工jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 机械jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 人工jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 机械jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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允许偏差jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| -50jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| -50jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| ±300~±100jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| ±500~±150jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 设计要求jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 设计要求jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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检查方法jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 用水准仪jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 用经纬仪和尺量jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 尺量jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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2.5、质量通病的预防与消除:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.5.1、基坑超挖jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾防治:基坑开挖,应有水平标准严格控制基底的标高,标桩间的距离宜≤3m,如超挖,用碎石或低标号砼填补。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.5.2、基坑泡水jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾预防:基坑周围应设排水沟,采用合理的降水方案,如建设单位同意,尽可能采用保守方案,但必须得到签字认可。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾消除:排水、晾晒后夯实。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾2.5.3、滑坡jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾预防:保持边坡有足够的坡度;尽可能避免在坡顶有过多的静、动载。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3、填 土jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1、施工工艺:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾工艺流程jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾基坑底地坪上清理→检验土质→分层铺上→分层夯打→碾压密实→检验密实度→修整找平验收jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.1、填土前,应将基底表面上的树根、垃圾等杂物都处理完毕,清除干净。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.2、检验回填土的质量有无杂物,检验是否符合规定,以及回填土的含水量,是否在控制的范围内;如含水量偏高,可采用翻松、晾晒或均匀参入干土等措施;如遇回填土含水量偏低,可采用预先洒水润湿等措施。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.3、填土应分层铺摊。每层铺土的厚度应根据土质、密实度要求和机具性能确定。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾压实机具jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 每层铺土厚度(mm)jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 每层压实遍数jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
平 碾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 250-300jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 6-8jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
振动压实机jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 250-3500jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 3-4jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
柴油打夯机jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 200-250jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 3-4jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
人工打夯jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| <200jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 3-4jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
每层铺摊后,随之耙平,机械压实填方速度不超过2km/hjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.4、碾压时,轮(夯)迹应相互搭接,防止漏压或漏夯。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.5、深浅两基坑(槽)相连时,应先填夯深基础;填至浅基坑相同的标高时,再与浅基础一起填夯。如必须分段填夯时,交接处应填成阶梯形。高、宽比一般为1:2。上下层错缝jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾距离不小于1.0m。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.6、基坑回填应在相对两侧或四周同时进行。基础墙两侧标高不可相差太多,以免把墙挤歪。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.7、回填房心及管沟时,为防止管道中心位移及损坏管道,应用人工先在管子两侧同时填土夯实,直至管顶0.5m以上时,才可用蛙式打夯机。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.8、回填土方每层压实后,应按规范进行环刀取样,测出干土的质量密度,达到要求后,再进行上一层的铺土。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.1.9、填方全部完成后,表面应进行拉线找平,凡超过标准高度的地方,及时依线铲平;凡低于标准高度的地方,应补土找平夯实。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.2、质量要求标准:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.2.1、基底处理必须符合设计要求或施工规范的规定。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.2.2、回填土的土料必须符合设计要求或施工规范的规定。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.2.3、回填土必须按规定分层夯压密实。取样确定压实后的干密度,必须满足设计要求。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.2.4、回填土工程允许偏差标高0--50mm。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3、质量通病的预防与消除:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1、回填土下沉jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾预防:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.1、严格控制回填土选用的土料和土的最佳含水率;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.2、填方必须分层铺土压实;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.3、不许在含水率过大的腐殖土、亚粘土、泥炭土、淤泥等原状土上填方;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.4、填方前应对基底的橡皮土进行处理,处理方法是:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.4.1、翻晒、凉干后进行夯实;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.4.2、将橡皮土挖除,换上干性土或回填级配砂石;jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾3.3.1.4.3、用干土、生石灰粉、碎石等吸水性强的材料掺入橡皮土中,吸收土中的水分,减少土的含水率。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4、安全施工jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
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.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.1、挖土方应由上而下分层进行,禁止采用挖空底脚的方法。人工挖基坑槽时,应根据土壤性质、湿度及挖掘深度等因素,设置安全边线或土壁支撑,在沟、坑侧边堆积泥土、材料,至少距离坑边80cm,高度不超过1.5m,对边坡和支撑应随时检查。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.2、土壁支撑宜选用松木和杉木,不宜采用质脆的杂木。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.3、发现支撑变形应及时加固,加固办法是打紧受力较小部分的木楔或增加立木及横撑木等。如换支撑时,应先加新撑,后拆旧撑。拆除垂直支撑时应按立木或直衬板分段逐步进行。拆除下一段并经回填夯实后再拆上一段。拆除支撑时应由工程技术人员在场指导。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.4、开挖基础、基坑。深度超过1.5m,不加支撑时,应按土质和深度放坡。不放坡时jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾应采取支撑措施。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.5、基坑开挖时,两个操作间距应大于2.5m,挖土方不得在巨石的边坡下或贴近未加固的危楼基脚下进行。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.6、土坡的保护:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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.k®M8F¾重物距坑槽边的安全距离jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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.k®M8F¾重物名称jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 与槽边距离jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 说 明jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
载 重 汽 车jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 不小于3mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
塔式起重机及振动大机械jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 不小于4mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
土方存放jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 不小于1mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
| 堆土高度不超过1.5mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾ jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾
|
工期较长的工程,为保护坡度的稳定,可用装土草袋或钉铝丝网抹水泥砂浆保护。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.7、上下坑沟应先挖好阶梯,铺设防滑物或支撑靠梯。禁止踩踏支撑上、下。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.8、机械吊运泥土时,应检查工具,绳长是否牢靠。吊钩下不得有人。卸土堆应尽量离开坑边,以免造成塌方。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.9、大量土方回填,必须根据砖墙等结构坚固程度,确定回填时间、数量。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.10、当采用自卸车运土方时,其道路宽度不少于下列规定:jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾单车道和循环车道宽度3.5mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾双车道宽度7mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾单车道会车处宽度不小于7m,长度不小于10mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾载重汽车的弯道半径,一般应该不小于15m,特殊情况应该不小于10mjµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.11、拆除固壁支撑时,应按回填顺序,从下而上逐步拆除。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.12、工地上的沟坑应设有防护,跨过沟槽的道路应有渡桥,渡桥应有牢固的桥板和扶手拉杆,夜间有灯火照明。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.13使用机械挖土前,应先发出信号,在挖土机推杆旋转范围内,不许进行其他工作。挖掘机装土时,汽车驾驶员必须离开驾驶室,车上不得有人装土。jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
.k®M8F¾4.14、推土机推土时,禁止驶至边坡和山坡边缘,以防下滑翻车。推土机上坡推土的最大坡度不得大于25°,下坡时不能超过35°jµµû-Wibbs.3c3t.comÊ
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