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浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工中应注意的几个问题 [复制链接]

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孤浪雨

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  • 2006-07-11
积极奉献者总版主勋章爱心志愿者忠诚勋章
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发表于 2007-07-14 17:18 |只看楼主

浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工中应注意的几个问题pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

姚文杰pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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[摘pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
要]：本文主要阐述钻孔灌注桩施工中常见的比较重要的应经常注意的问题，本文作者就这些问题阐明了自己的观点，供灌注桩施工参考pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
[关键词]：灌注桩pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
施工pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
问题pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
控制pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
一、引言pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
从上世纪八十年代末开始，随着我国公路事业的高速发展，也随着钻孔灌注桩施工技术的日益成熟，钻孔灌注桩基础在桥梁建设中得到了广泛的应用，本人从事桥梁施工已达数年，根据从事钻孔灌注桩施工的经验和体会，分别从成孔和灌注两个方面浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工中应注意的几个问题，供施工过程参考。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
二、钻孔灌注桩施工成孔过程应注意以下几个问题pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
1、桩位偏差的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
在钻机就位前，对已经测量放样复核后的桩位通过采取护桩进行保护，即在桩位四周离护筒直径以外约20㎝处插打四根护桩，对角护桩之间用细绳拉成直线，两直线的交点与桩位中心必须在同一条垂直线上，在桩机就位水平调整好后，磨盘中心与四根护桩的交点在同一条垂直线时，即钻机对中后，方可开钻，这样，桩位的偏差得到了有效的控制。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
2、泥浆性能指标的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
在钻孔灌注桩钻孔过程中，泥浆性能指标能否得到有效控制，直接关系到成孔是否成功，稍有不慎就会造成坍孔、穿孔、埋钻、浮钻等质量事故，因而造成返工的现象。因此，我们在钻孔灌注桩施工过程中，对泥浆性能的指标都十分重视，根据不同的钻孔方法，不同的地质情况，调制不同性能指标的泥浆，具体数据见下表：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

泥浆性能指标要求pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

钻孔pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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泥浆性能指标pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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8～4pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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1.10～1.20pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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1.20～1.40pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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8～11pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

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我们在具体施工过程中，采取正循环回转钻机施工的比较多，因此，对于粘土地层，泥浆比重控制在1.2左右，对于砂土地层，泥浆比重控制在1.35左右，这么长时间以     来，采取上述泥浆指标调制的泥浆用于施工，钻机成孔都十分顺利。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
3、成孔深度的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
钻机能否钻到设计孔底标高，直接影响到桩长，对于成孔深度的控制，我们一般采取如下办法，先通过钻杆长度来计算成孔深度，然后再通过测绳测量进行复核，当两种测量方式都能保证孔底标高已达到设计标高，方可停钻拆杆，从而保证成孔深度。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
三、钻孔灌注桩施工水下灌注砼过程应注意以下几个问题pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
1、导管本身质量及拼接质量的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
导管是水下灌注砼的通道，其本身质量及拼接质量的好坏，直接影响到水下砼的灌注是否成功，稍有不慎，就会造成导管堵塞等质量事故，因此，在第一盘砼灌注前，必须做到以下几点：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
①、 对导管的外观进行检查，导管是否有变形现象或有小孔洞。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
②、 隔水塞应制作规范，组装导管时要仔细认真检查导管内壁有无局部凸凹，导管出口是否内向翻转，检查导管连接处密封用的橡皮垫是否突出内壁。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
③、 对拼装好的导管进行气密性试验，当导管内达到足够的压力时，检查导管是否漏气，只有不漏气时方可使用。通过采取上述措施，确保导管本身及拼装质量得以控制。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
2、钢筋笼顶标高的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
在砼灌注过程中，钢筋笼顶标高的控制，也十分关键，稍有不慎，就会造成钢筋笼上浮现象，为防止钢筋笼上浮，应做到如下几点：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
①、要严格细致地下好钢筋笼，并将其牢固地绑扎或点焊于孔口。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
②、下放导管时，应使导管顺桩的中心位置而下，在灌注过程中，当混凝土接近钢筋笼下段时，要徐徐灌注混凝土，一般灌注速度控制在10m3/h左右，以减少砼对钢筋笼向上的冲力。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
③、特别注意导管出口与钢筋笼底口不得齐平，一般导管出口低于钢筋笼不小于1.5米或高于钢筋笼不小于1米。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
3、清孔后泥浆性能指标的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
清孔后的泥浆性能指标对砼灌注来说，是十分关键的，尤其是泥浆比重的控制更为重要，泥浆比重过浓容易造成砼顶不上去，泥浆比重过低，容易造成孔壁坍塌现象，因此，在砼灌注前，检查泥浆性能是十分重要的，清孔后的泥浆性能指标控制数据如下表：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

清孔方法pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

相对密度pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

含砂率（%）pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

粘度（S）pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

换浆法pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.03～1.10pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

＜2pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

17～20pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

抽浆法pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.03～1.10pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

＜2pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

17～20pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

4、砼质量的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
砼的质量好坏，对钻孔灌注桩质量影响更为重要，砼坍落度过小或者砼离析等都会造成导管堵塞，更为重要的会造成断桩事故，对于砼的质量控制，我们通常都采取如下几点措施：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
①、 钻孔灌注桩砼坍落度应控制在18-20㎝，如砼浇筑过程中应经常检测，确保坍落度符合要求。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
②、 每根桩只能用同一品牌及同标号的水泥，且水泥、粗细集料都经试验控制合格后方可使用，对粗集料规格及砼拌和时间，都应进行严格控制，砼的拌和时间不得小于如下时间：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

拌和机型pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

＜400升pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

＜800升pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

＜1200升pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

自落式pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.0分钟pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.5分钟pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.5分钟pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

强制式pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.0分钟pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.5分钟pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

1.5分钟pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

③、砼所用的各种材料，应根据试验室的施工配合比，严格控制计量，其偏差不得超过如下规定：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

水泥pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

水pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

骨料pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

掺合剂pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

±2%pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

±2%pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

3%pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

2%pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

5、导管埋设深度的控制：pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
在水下灌注砼过程中，导管埋设深度的控制也是十分关键的，导管埋设过长，可能会使导管拔不出来而造成断桩现象，导管埋设过浅，也可能会造成导管拔出砼表面，而发生断桩或夹层现象，这都是十分严重的质量事故，因此，我们在施工过程中，都采取以下措施，对导管埋设深度进行控制。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
①、首批砼灌注后导管埋设深度不小于1.0米。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
②、正常浇筑时，导管埋深应控制在2.0-6.0米范围内，即埋深小于6米时拆管一节，拆管时和拆管后埋深不小2米，要防止导管埋深过多，造成难拔出的不安全局面。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
③、在浇筑过程中，配备专职测量人员通过测绳进行测深，随时控制导管埋设深度。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
当然，钻孔灌注桩施工由于是隐藏工程施工，要注意的问题太多，因篇幅有限，我也不一一阐述，如电的正常供应、机械设备的检修等。总之，只有当一切工作准备就绪后，才能开始施工钻孔桩灌注。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
四、结束语pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
钻孔灌注桩施工过程中稍有不慎，就会容易造成严重的质量事故，因此，施工单位在施工中应严格加强管理，采取科学的施工方案，和切实可行的备用方案，只有严格按照规范、规程操作，加强监督控制，才能避免质量事故或把质量事故降低到最小限度。以上是本人近十年来在灌注桩施工过程积累起来施工经验，供大家参考。pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

参考文献pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z

pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
公路桥涵施工技术规范《JTJ 041-2000》pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
pÍÊnúM¡~dbbs.3c3t.com'6áKr萱z
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积极奉献者总版主勋章爱心志愿者忠诚勋章
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回复：浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工中应注意的几个问题

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回复：浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工中应注意的几个问题

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回复：浅谈钻孔灌注桩施工中应注意的几个问题

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